Both compostable and biodegradable involve natural degradation or the breakdown of organic matter into soil through microbial digestion, although the two terms are not interchangeable.
1. What is "compostable"?
If the material is compostable, it means that under composting conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen, and the presence of microorganisms) it will decompose into CO2, water, and nutrient-rich compost within a specific time frame.
2. Why is "compostable" better than "biodegradable"?
If your bag is labeled "Compostable," you can be sure that it will break down in up to 180 days in compostable conditions. This is similar to the way food and garden waste are broken down by microorganisms, leaving a non-toxic residue.
3. Why is compostability important?
Flexible plastic packaging waste is often so contaminated with food waste that it cannot be recycled and ends up in incineration or landfill. That's why compostable packaging came into existence. Not only does it avoid landfills and incineration, but the resulting compost returns organic matter to the soil. If packaging waste can be integrated into organic waste systems and used as compost (nutrient-rich soil) for the next generation of plants, then the waste is recyclable and usable for the market, not only no longer "garbage", but has considerable economic value.
4. What is the difference between a home and an industrial or commercial compost container?
Household composting containers have smaller capacities and are often exposed to ambient temperatures. In this case, the compostable material will decompose within 180 days.
Commercial or industrial composting containers have a much larger capacity, therefore, more heat is generated in industrial composting containers (45-60°C), which accelerates biodegradation. The same compostable material typically breaks down in commercial compost within 90 days, about half as long as household compost.